Influenza viruses are categorized into types A, B, and C, with types A and B being the most common causes of seasonal flu outbreaks. The flu is highly contagious and is typically spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.
Common symptoms of the flu include:
Fever
Cough
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Body aches
Headache
Fatigue
It's important to note that the flu can lead to complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children, elderly individuals, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. Complications can include pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and, in severe cases, hospitalization or death.
Preventive measures include annual vaccination, good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and practicing respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
If someone suspects they have the flu, it's advisable to seek medical attention, especially if symptoms are severe or if they belong to a high-risk group. Antiviral medications may be prescribed to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms if started early in the course of the illness.